Free WJEC GCSE Geography (3110) Exam Questions and Answers
WJEC GCSE Geography (3110) is WJEC's GCSE Geography qualification, specification 3110, taken in Wales. The questions here come from WJEC's published question papers from June 2018 to June 2025, plus its specimen papers, with answers and marking guidance taken from WJEC's own mark schemes. Written-answer questions let you work out your answer and then reveal what the mark scheme accepts; diagrams, graphs and source material appear with the questions that use them.
If you searched for WJEC GCSE Geography (3110) dumps, an ExamTopics discussion or a free PDF, this is the question bank for it: practice questions with verified answers and explanations, a timed practice test and updates whenever WJEC changes the exam.
Last updated: October 14, 2026
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Question #1
Study the OS map extract below. A full key is printed on page 28. O.S. Map Extract of Three Cliffs Bay, South Wales at a scale of 1:25,000 Give the four figure grid reference where the river reaches the sea in Three Cliffs Bay. Tick (✓) the correct answer in the box below.
Correct answer: C
Explanation
Credit this response only. No mark if more than one answer is given.
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Question #2
Study the OS map extract below. A full key is printed on page 28. O.S. Map Extract of Three Cliffs Bay, South Wales at a scale of 1:25,000 Give the width of Three Cliffs Bay from Great Tor to Shire Combe. Tick (✓) the correct answer in the box below.
Correct answer: B
Explanation
Credit this response only. No mark if more than one answer is given.
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Question #3
Study the OS map extract below. A full key is printed on page 28. O.S. Map Extract of Three Cliffs Bay, South Wales at a scale of 1:25,000 Describe the relief (shape of the land) in box A shown on the map. Use evidence from the map.
Type your answer, then reveal.
Correct answer: Land is higher and steep in the north, with contours close together. There are gentle slopes to the south, with contours widely spaced. The beach is flat, with steep cliffs at the top of the beach. Support with map evidence such as heights, contour spacing or grid references.
Explanation
Band 2 (3-4 marks): good description of the changing pattern, communicated well. Map evidence supports it: a height, reference to the spacing or value of contours, or a grid reference. Meaning is unambiguous, and the response is organised and well structured. Band 1 (1-2 marks): simple descriptive statements communicated in a basic way, with little linkage between points. No map evidence to support the points. Meaning is clear. 0 marks if the answer is incorrect or wholly irrelevant.
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Question #4
Study the photograph below. What makes this landscape distinctive? Use evidence from the photograph.
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Correct answer: The landscape is distinctive for features such as upland sheep farming on rough grazing land, limited farming other than sheep grazing, limestone rock in the wall, and heather moorland vegetation. Use evidence from the photograph.
Explanation
2-3 marks: good interpretation or description that identifies features making the landscape distinctive, including land use, culture, geology or vegetation, with evidence from the photo. Full marks can be gained by describing one feature in detail. 1 mark: valid statements that are not elaborated, such as simple statements about relief or aesthetic appeal. 0 marks if the answer is incorrect or wholly irrelevant. Credit examples: upland sheep farming and rough grazing, the limitations of the landscape for farming, limestone in the wall, heather moorland.
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Question #5
Study the photograph below. Landscapes are often affected by people. Describe one negative impact of people on a landscape you have studied. Name of landscape studied ____
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Correct answer: Develop one negative impact on a named landscape. For example, in Snowdonia National Park, footpath erosion (1) removes vegetation and topsoil (1) through trampling (1).
Explanation
Develop one impact only. 1 mark for the impact, then 1 mark for each valid description or elaboration, up to 2 more marks. Do not credit two separate impacts. The answer must name a studied landscape for full marks, either a landscape type or a place or region. There is no separate mark for naming it. Mountain or National Park examples (Snowdonia, Brecon Beacons): footpath erosion, removal of vegetation or topsoil, trampling, exceeding carrying capacity, habitat loss, building or development. Coast examples (Gower, Pembrokeshire): overcrowding, honeypot effect, litter, visual pollution, traffic congestion, carrying capacity.
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Question #6
Study the information below. Visitor Activities in UK National Parks | Activity | % of Visitors | | Walking | 40 | | Driving around and sightseeing by car | 19 | | Relaxing | 12 | | Visiting towns and villages | 10 | | Other (e.g. horse riding, climbing, water sports) | 19 | Select the most suitable graphical method of presenting the data shown in the table. Tick (✓) the correct answer from the box below.
Correct answer: D
Explanation
Credit this response only. No mark if more than one answer is given.
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Question #7
Study the information below. Visitor Activities in UK National Parks | Activity | % of Visitors | | Walking | 40 | | Driving around and sightseeing by car | 19 | | Relaxing | 12 | | Visiting towns and villages | 10 | | Other (e.g. horse riding, climbing, water sports) | 19 | Select one of the methods you have not chosen. State why it is unsuitable.
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Correct answer: Any one method not chosen, with a reason. For example, a scattergraph is for finding a relationship between two datasets. Or a line graph is for continuous or time-related data. Or a histogram is for the frequency and magnitude of continuous data. Or the method is not suitable for percentage data.
Explanation
Credit one response only. 1 mark for a valid reason. Scattergraph: finds a relationship between two datasets. Line graph: records continuous or time-related data, or shows a relationship between two variables. Histogram: presents frequency and magnitude of continuous data. For any method, "it is not suitable for recording percentage data" is also accepted.
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Question #8
Study the photograph below. Signs for visitors to Snowdonia National Park Evaluate one or more strategies for managing landscapes in Wales.
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Correct answer: Evaluation of one or more strategies for managing landscapes in Wales (e.g. National Parks, SSSIs), weighing advantages against disadvantages with evidence, or comparing strategies against each other.
Explanation
Marked by bands, 6 marks. Band 3 (5-6): good evaluation with clear evidence; balanced between advantages and disadvantages of one strategy, or a reasoned evaluation of two or more strategies against each other; clear, organised and well structured. Band 2 (3-4): some evaluation but may lack evidence or objectivity; imbalanced between advantages and disadvantages, or between strategies. Band 1 (1-2): valid statements lacking depth or breadth, with only limited evaluation. 0 if incorrect or irrelevant. Expect reference to National Parks (as a strategy or the management strategies within them) and possibly SSSIs. Evaluation may be based on economic factors such as cost against benefits, or on sustainability. Marks are for the ability to evaluate, not for factual content. At the top band look for balance between advantages and disadvantages; band 2 may focus on one or the other.
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Question #9
Describe the process of hydraulic action in a river channel.
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Correct answer: Hydraulic action is erosion caused by the force/power/energy of water, which compresses air into cracks on the river bed and banks.
Explanation
One mark for each valid point, up to 2. Points: erosion; force/power/energy of water; compresses air into cracks; on the river bed/banks. Reserve one mark for reference to the energy of the water.
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Question #10
Explain why geology and river processes interact to form waterfalls. You may use an annotated diagram to help your answer.
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Correct answer: A waterfall forms where a river flows over a layer of hard (cap) rock above softer rock. The softer rock is eroded faster (differential erosion) by hydraulic action and abrasion, creating a step and undercutting the hard rock. A plunge pool forms in the softer rock. The overhanging hard rock collapses and the waterfall retreats upstream.
Explanation
Marked by bands, 6 marks. Band 3 (5-6): thorough understanding of how processes and geology interact to create the landform; detailed explanation; clear, organised. Band 2 (3-4): some understanding of processes and/or geology but lacking detail, with an incomplete or imbalanced explanation. Band 1 (1-2): valid statements showing limited or basic understanding. 0 if incorrect or irrelevant. An annotated diagram, prose or a combination is accepted, but do not double credit. Top level: processes such as hydraulic action and abrasion, with their role in eroding material on the hard cap rock above softer rock and creating a plunge pool in the softer rock. Naming particular rock types is a bonus but not needed for level 3. Level 2 names processes but gives little explanation and does not fully relate them to differential erosion.
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