Free Pearson Edexcel GCSE Geography (1GB0) Exam Questions and Answers
Pearson Edexcel GCSE Geography (1GB0) is Pearson Edexcel's GCSE Geography qualification, specification 1GB0, taken in England. The questions here come from Pearson Edexcel's published question papers from June 2018 to June 2025, plus its specimen papers, with answers and marking guidance taken from Pearson Edexcel's own mark schemes. Written-answer questions let you work out your answer and then reveal what the mark scheme accepts; diagrams, graphs and source material appear with the questions that use them.
Looking for Pearson Edexcel GCSE Geography (1GB0) exam dumps or ExamTopics questions? These practice questions cover the same ground with verified answers and explanations, a downloadable PDF and a full practice test, kept current as Pearson Edexcel updates the exam.
Last updated: October 16, 2026
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Question #1
Study Figure 1. Identify which one of the following describes the outer core.
Correct answer: A
Explanation
B, C and D are wrong because the outer core is labelled as liquid in Figure 1.
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Question #2
Study Figure 1. State which one of the Earth’s layers has the highest density.
Correct answer: C
Explanation
Density generally increases with depth. The inner core is solid and made mainly of iron and nickel, so it is the densest. The outer core is also mainly iron and nickel, but it is molten, which lowers its density.
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Question #3
Explain one cause of a tsunami.
Type your answer, then reveal.
Correct answer: A tsunami can be caused by an earthquake (1) from plate movement displacing water. Other accepted causes are underwater landslides, underwater volcanic eruptions, or meteor strikes, each of which displaces water to give large waves.
Explanation
1 mark for identifying a physical process that causes a tsunami and 1 further mark for explaining it. Examples: earthquakes (1) caused by plate movement (1); landslides (1) displace water to generate waves (1); underwater volcanic eruptions (1) displace water (1); meteor strikes (1) displace large quantities of water (1); upward movement of a plate (1) moves water (1); earthquakes (1) transfer energy to the water (1). No mark for simply stating that tsunami are large waves. Other appropriate responses are accepted.
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Question #4
Identify one primary impact of tectonic hazards.
Correct answer: C
Explanation
A, B and D are all secondary impacts of tectonic hazards.
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Question #5
Analyse the data in Figure 2. Describe the trends in mean Antarctic temperatures and CO₂ concentration as shown in Figure 2. Use numeric data in your answer.
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Correct answer: Both CO₂ concentration and mean Antarctic temperature fluctuate over the period, and the two follow a similar pattern. As CO₂ concentration rises, so does temperature. There is an overall increase in both over the period. Quote figures from Figure 2, for example 'CO₂ increased by 140 ppm over the period'.
Explanation
1 mark for each descriptive point, up to 3 marks. Points: CO₂ and temperature fluctuate over the period; the trends have a similar pattern; the CO₂ trend is described, using data if possible; the temperature trend is described, using data if possible; as CO₂ rises, so do Antarctic temperatures; there is an overall increase in mean temperature and CO₂ ppm. Do not accept mirrored answers. Maximum 2 marks if only one trend is described. Maximum 2 marks if no data are used. Data may be manipulated, for example the difference in ppm.
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Question #6
Analyse the data in Figure 2. Explain one natural cause of climate change.
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Correct answer: Volcanic eruptions cause cooling because volcanic dust blocks incoming solar radiation. Other accepted causes are asteroid collisions, sunspot activity, and Milankovitch cycles or changes in the Earth's orbit.
Explanation
1 mark for identifying a natural cause and 1 mark for explaining it. Examples: volcanic eruptions (1) cool the Earth as dust blocks incoming solar radiation (1); asteroid collisions (1) throw up ash and dust, causing cooling (1); more or fewer sunspots or solar flares (1) mean warmer or cooler periods as more or less solar energy reaches Earth (1); Milankovitch cycles or orbit changes (1) alter the solar radiation Earth receives (1); volcanic eruptions (1) can cause warming by releasing CO₂ (1). Other appropriate responses are accepted.
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Question #7
The Saffir-Simpson Scale measures the magnitude of tropical cyclones. Identify one source of data used to calculate the Saffir-Simpson Scale of a tropical cyclone.
Correct answer: C
Explanation
The Saffir-Simpson scale categorises tropical cyclones by wind speed. Satellite imagery makes no contribution to the scale. Seismometers measure tectonic activity. Thermometer readings are not used.
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Question #8
Study Figure 3. Haiti appears to be very vulnerable to the impacts of Hurricane Matthew. Using Figure 3, suggest two reasons why.
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Correct answer: Any two features from Figure 3 that increase Haiti's vulnerability, each with a reason. For example: Haiti has a low GDP, so people cannot afford housing that withstands extreme events or disaster response resources. Haiti has a low HDI, so people are less educated about hurricane preparation. Most of Haiti is close to the coast, so evacuation is difficult. The storm was forecast to hit within 24 hours and was under 200 km away on 3 October.
Explanation
1 mark for each correctly identified feature that increases vulnerability and 1 further mark for how it contributes, up to 2 marks each (4 in total). Examples: low GDP (1), so people cannot afford resilient housing, resources for disaster response or insurance, and lack alert technology (1); low HDI (1), so people are less educated about hurricane preparation (1); most of Haiti is a short distance from the coast (1), so it is hard to evacuate; the storm was forecast to hit Haiti within 24 hours (1) and was under 200 km away on 3 October (1). Figure 3 must be used. Do not accept mirrored answers. Other appropriate responses are accepted.
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Question #9
Study Figure 3. Figure 3 includes a GIS cyclone track map. Explain two ways maps such as these can help countries to prepare for tropical cyclones.
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Correct answer: Two ways, each with a reason. For example: the map shows the intensity of wind speed, so people can be evacuated. It shows the speed the storm is moving, so accurate predictions of when it will hit can be given. It shows the predicted path, so the areas to evacuate are known. It shows coastal areas at risk of storm surge, so evacuation can be put in place. Historical tracks show the likely paths of storms, so areas at risk can be identified.
Explanation
1 mark for each correctly identified reason why GIS storm track maps are useful and 1 further mark for why this helps preparation, up to 2 marks each (4 in total). Examples: shows wind speed intensity (1), so evacuation measures can be put in place (1); shows storm speed (1), so accurate predictions of impact time can be given (1); historical data show likely tracks (1), so areas that may be affected are identified and measures put in place (1); shows coastal areas at risk of storm surge (1), so evacuation can be put in place (1); lets countries predict the path (1), so they know which areas to evacuate (1). Other appropriate responses are accepted.
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Question #10
Explain one way in which global atmospheric circulation determines the location of high rainfall (low pressure) areas. You may use a diagram to help your answer.
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Correct answer: The ITCZ or equator is a low pressure area with high rainfall. Warm air rises there, then cools and condenses to form clouds and rain. Another low pressure area is at about 60°N and S, where warm air meets cold air and rises, and water vapour condenses.
Explanation
1 mark for identifying a legitimate area of low pressure and high rainfall, for example the ITCZ (the equator is accepted) or the Ferrel/Polar cell boundary at 60°N/S. 1 mark for the mechanism for air rising, for example hot air at the tropics, or warm and cold air converging at the Ferrel/Polar boundary. 1 mark for the mechanism that creates rain: rising air leads to condensation and cloud. Credit diagrams, taking care not to double credit.
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