Free Pearson Edexcel GCSE Geography (1GA0) Exam Questions and Answers
Pearson Edexcel GCSE Geography (1GA0) is Pearson Edexcel's GCSE Geography qualification, specification 1GA0, taken in England. The questions here come from Pearson Edexcel's published question papers from June 2018 to June 2025, plus its specimen papers, with answers and marking guidance taken from Pearson Edexcel's own mark schemes. Written-answer questions let you work out your answer and then reveal what the mark scheme accepts; diagrams, graphs and source material appear with the questions that use them.
Candidates comparing Pearson Edexcel GCSE Geography (1GA0) exam dumps, ExamTopics and other practice tests use this page for the answers and explanations behind each question. Download the free PDF, then sit the timed exam simulation before booking with Pearson Edexcel.
Last updated: October 14, 2026
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Question #1
UK landscapes are made up of different rock types. Identify one example of an igneous rock.
Correct answer: B
Explanation
Granite is the only igneous rock listed. Chalk and sandstone are sedimentary; schist is metamorphic.
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Question #2
UK landscapes are made up of different rock types. State one characteristic of igneous rocks.
Type your answer, then reveal.
Correct answer: One characteristic of igneous rock, e.g. hard, made of crystals, formed from cooling magma/lava, more resistant to erosion and weathering.
Explanation
1 mark for one of: composed mainly of quartz and mica; crystals; hard; formed from cooling; formed from intrusive activity; formed from volcanic activity; more resistant to erosion/weathering; permeable/impermeable. Any other appropriate response accepted.
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Question #3
UK landscapes are made up of different rock types. Freeze thaw is an example of a weathering process. State one other weathering process that affects the landscape.
Type your answer, then reveal.
Correct answer: One other weathering process, e.g. carbonation, exfoliation (onion skin weathering), hydrolysis, solution, plant/animal action (biological), chemical or mechanical weathering.
Explanation
1 mark for one valid weathering process from the list. Any other appropriate response accepted.
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Question #4
Study Figure 1 below. Label the landform feature Y shown on Figure 1.
Type your answer, then reveal.
Correct answer: Escarpment (scarp)
Explanation
1 mark for escarpment or scarp.
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Question #5
Study Figure 1 below. Explain one reason why a stream is found at Z.
Type your answer, then reveal.
Correct answer: Z is a spring: water flows through permeable chalk and is forced to the surface when it meets impermeable clay (where the water table reaches the surface), creating a stream.
Explanation
1 mark for a point about water coming to the surface at Z (a spring), and 1 mark for a reason it collects there. Examples: water flows through permeable chalk and comes to the surface when it reaches clay; water is forced to the surface when it reaches impermeable clay; water table reaches the surface. Any other appropriate response accepted.
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Question #6
Coastal landscapes are constantly being changed by different processes. State one method of sediment transport along the UK coastlines.
Type your answer, then reveal.
Correct answer: One method of sediment transport, e.g. longshore drift, traction, saltation, suspension, solution.
Explanation
1 mark for one of: longshore drift, traction, saltation, suspension, solution, backwash, swash.
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Question #7
Coastal landscapes are constantly being changed by different processes. Wave action is important along this stretch of coastline. Explain one way in which destructive waves can increase the rate of coastal erosion.
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Correct answer: Destructive waves are formed by local storms so have more power/energy, which means they erode the beach and cliffs faster.
Explanation
1 mark for a characteristic of destructive waves and 1 mark for a link to the rate of erosion. Examples: formed by local storms, so more energy to erode; longer fetch, so more energy to erode; stronger backwash, so removes more beach material; tall, so more energy to erode cliffs; lots of energy, so more abrasion. Do not accept 'big' as a characteristic.
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Question #8
River landscapes are constantly being changed by different processes. State one type of erosion that takes place in a river.
Type your answer, then reveal.
Correct answer: Any one of: abrasion, attrition, hydraulic action, solution, lateral erosion, vertical erosion.
Explanation
One mark for any one of the listed types of erosion.
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Question #9
River landscapes are constantly being changed by different processes. The velocity of a river changes with distance downstream. Explain one reason why river velocity usually increases with distance downstream.
Type your answer, then reveal.
Correct answer: The channel becomes wider and deeper, which reduces friction, so velocity increases. (Other valid: channel becomes more efficient/hydraulic radius increases; channel becomes smoother; tributaries join so more water.)
Explanation
One mark for a reason and one further mark for explaining how this leads to increased velocity (max 2). Examples: wider and deeper channel then less friction; more efficient shape then less friction; hydraulic radius increases then channel more efficient; smoother channel then less friction; tributaries join then more water in the river. Accept any other appropriate response.
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Question #10
Glaciated upland landscapes are constantly being changed by different processes. State one type of glacial erosion that operated in the UK during the last ice age.
Type your answer, then reveal.
Correct answer: Any one of: abrasion, plucking, freeze-thaw.
Explanation
One mark for any one of abrasion, plucking or freeze thaw.
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