Free CCZT: Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust Exam Questions and Answers
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Last updated: September 19, 2026
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Question #1
The following list describes the SDP onboarding process/procedure. What is the third step? 1. SDP controllers are brought online first. 2. Accepting hosts are enlisted as SDP gateways that connect to and authenticate with the SDP controller. 3.
Please select an optionIncorrectCorrect answer: A
The third step in the SDP onboarding process is to onboard and authenticate the initiating hosts, which are the clients that request access to the protected resources. The initiating hosts connect to and authenticate with the SDP gateway, which acts as an accepting host and a proxy for the protected resources. The SDP gateway verifies the identity and posture of the initiating hosts and grants them access to the resources based on the policies defined by the SDP controller. References = • Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) prepkit, page 21, section 3.1.2 • 6 SDP Deployment Models to Achieve Zero Trust | CSA, section ??Deployment Models Explained?? • Software-Defined Perimeter (SDP) and Zero Trust | CSA, page 7, section 3.1
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Which architectural consideration needs to be taken into account while deploying SDP? Select the best answer.
Please select an optionIncorrectCorrect answer: A
A key architectural consideration that needs to be taken into account while deploying SDP is how SDP deployment fits into existing network topologies and technologies. This is because SDP deployment may require changes or adaptations to the existing network infrastructure, such as routers, switches, firewalls, VPNs, etc. SDP deployment may also affect the network performance, availability, scalability, and resilience. Therefore, it is important to assess the impact and compatibility of SDP deployment with the existing network topologies and technologies, and to plan and design the SDP deployment accordingly. References = Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) - Cloud Security Alliance, Zero Trust Training (ZTT) - Module 7: Network Infrastructure and SDP
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To successfully implement ZT security, two crucial processes must be planned and aligned with existing access procedures that the ZT implementation might impact. What are these two processes?
Please select an optionIncorrectCorrect answer: D
Zero Trust alters how users and services obtain access, so business continuity planning and disaster recovery processes, which depend on those access paths, must be planned and aligned with the wider ZT rollout. Training and vulnerability management are supporting activities rather than the two impacted processes.
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To respond quickly to changes while implementing ZT Strategy, an organization requires a mindset and culture of
Please select an optionIncorrectCorrect answer: B
To respond quickly to changes while implementing ZT Strategy, an organization requires a mindset and culture of continuous risk evaluation and policy adjustment. This means that the organization should constantly monitor the threat landscape, assess the security posture, and update the policies and controls accordingly to maintain a high level of protection and resilience. The organization should also embrace feedback, learning, and improvement as part of the ZT journey. References = • Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) prepkit, page 7, section 1.3 • Cultivating a Zero Trust mindset - AWS Prescriptive Guidance, section ??Continuous learning and improvement?? • Zero Trust architecture: a paradigm shift in cybersecurity - PwC, section ??Continuous monitoring and improvement??
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Which element of ZT focuses on the governance rules that define the "who, what, when, how, and why" aspects of accessing target resources?
Please select an optionIncorrectCorrect answer: A
Policy is the element of ZT that focuses on the governance rules that define the ??who, what, when, how, and why?? aspects of accessing target resources. Policy is the core component of a ZTA that determines the access decisions and controls for each request based on various attributes and factors, such as user identity, device posture, network location, resource sensitivity, and environmental context. Policy is also the element that enables the ZT principles of ??never trust, always verify?? and ??scrutinize explicitly?? by enforcing granular, dynamic, and data-driven rules for each access request. References = • Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) prepkit, page 14, section 2.2.2 • What Is Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA)? - F5, section ??Policy Engine?? • Zero Trust Architecture Project - NIST Computer Security Resource Center, slide 9 • [Zero Trust Frameworks Architecture Guide - Cisco], page 4, section ??Policy Decision Point??
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ZT project implementation requires prioritization as part of the overall ZT project planning activities. One area to consider is ________ Select the best answer.
Please select an optionIncorrectCorrect answer: A
ZT project implementation requires prioritization as part of the overall ZT project planning activities. One area to consider is prioritization based on risks, which means that the organization should identify and assess the potential threats, vulnerabilities, and impacts that could affect its assets, operations, and reputation, and prioritize the ZT initiatives that address the most critical and urgent risks. Prioritization based on risks helps to align the ZT project with the business objectives and needs, and optimize the use of resources and time. References = • Zero Trust Planning - Cloud Security Alliance, section ??Scope, Priority, & Business Case?? • The Zero Trust Journey: 4 Phases of Implementation - SEI Blog, section ??Second Phase: Assess?? • Planning for a Zero Trust Architecture: A Planning Guide for Federal ??, section ??Gap Analysis??
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In a ZTA, what is a key difference between a policy decision point (PDP) and a policy enforcement point (PEP)?
Please select an optionIncorrectCorrect answer: A
In a ZTA, a policy decision point (PDP) is a logical component that evaluates the incoming signals from an entity requesting access to a resource against a set of access determination criteria, such as identity, context, device, location, and behavior1. A PDP then makes a decision to grant or deny access, or to request additional information or verification, based on the policies defined by the policy administrator1. A policy enforcement point (PEP) is a logical component that uses the incoming signals from the PDP to open or close a connection between the entity and the resource1. A PEP acts as a gateway or intermediary that enforces the decision made by the PDP and prevents unauthorized or risky access2. References = • Zero Trust Architecture | NIST • Policy Enforcement Point (PEP) - Pomerium
Was this answer correct?Question #8
In SaaS and PaaS, which access control method will ZT help define for access to the features within a service?
Please select an optionIncorrectCorrect answer: B
ABAC is an access control method that uses attributes of the requester, the resource, the environment, and the action to evaluate and enforce policies. ABAC allows for fine-grained and dynamic access control based on the context of the request, rather than predefinedroles or privileges. ABAC is suitable for SaaS and PaaS, where the features within a service may vary depending on the customer's needs, preferences, and subscription level. ABAC can help implement ZT by enforcing the principle of least privilege and verifying every request based on multiple factors. References = • Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) Definition • General Access Control Guidance for Cloud Systems • A Guide to Secure SaaS Access Control Within an Organization
Was this answer correct?Question #9
At which layer of the open systems interconnection (OSI) model does network access control (NAC) typically operate? Select the best answer.
Please select an optionIncorrectCorrect answer: B
Network access control (NAC) typically operates at layer 2, the data link layer, of the open systems interconnection (OSI) model. The data link layer is responsible for transferring data between adjacent nodes on a network, such as switches and endpoints. NAC operates at this layer by inspecting and controlling the access of devices to the network based on their MAC addresses, device profiles, security posture, and compliance status. References = Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) - Cloud Security Alliance, Zero Trust Training (ZTT) - Module 6: Micro-segmentation
Was this answer correct?Question #10
SDP features, like multi-factor authentication (MFA), mutual transport layer security (mTLS), and device fingerprinting, protect against
Please select an optionIncorrectCorrect answer: A
SDP features, like multi-factor authentication (MFA), mutual transport layer security (mTLS), and device fingerprinting, protect against phishing attacks by verifying the identity and authenticity of both the user and the device before granting access to a resource. Phishing attacks are attempts to trick users into revealing their credentials or other sensitive information by impersonating a legitimate entity or service1. SDP features can prevent phishing attacks by: • MFA: MFA is a security mechanism that requires a user to provide more than one piece of evidence to prove their identity, such as a password, a one-time code, a biometric factor, or a physical token2. MFA can protect against phishing attacks by making it harder for attackers to access a resource even if they manage to obtain the user's password or other credentials2. • mTLS: mTLS is a security protocol that enables mutual authentication and encryption between two parties, such as a client and a server3. mTLS can protect against phishing attacks by ensuring that both the client and the server have valid and trusted certificates, and by preventing attackers from intercepting or modifying the communication between them3. • Device fingerprinting: Device fingerprinting is a technique that identifies and verifies a device based on its unique characteristics, such as its operating system, browser, IP address, or hardware configuration4. Device fingerprinting can protect against phishing attacks by allowing only authorized devices to access a resource, and by detecting any anomalies or changes in the device's attributes that may indicate a compromise4. References = • What is Phishing? | How to Identify & Prevent Phishing Attacks | Cloudflare • What is Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)? | Cloudflare • What is Mutual TLS (mTLS)? | Cloudflare • What is Device Fingerprinting? | Cloudflare
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